Lingnan’s “Grey Chronicles Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals and other jobs. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by relying on good skills.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches.
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from ShundeBabaylan. The village has many farmlands and ponds. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors. Komiks
”19Babaylan49 years ago, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while men took boats to work in mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65, is from Zinny Village in Shawan and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although Cinema is of course two villages, it is as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also comes from a family of craftsmen and has dealt with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House.
When talking about the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for more than 40 years, and has traveled all over the Pearl River Delta region, and has been rowing. Komiks If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to the place where the passenger ship arrives, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
It is understood that the places where the craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave home and return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, craftsmen who go out may not come back, but on the day of “Master’s Day” (the 13th day of the sixth lunar month every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and pay homage to the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architectural: The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple group is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a clean building and a magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by the green Aoshan, and in front of the temple is a square and a Fengshui pond. The ancient temple group is arranged from north to south, namely Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
Ancient architecture experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a Guangzhou internal control historical and cultural protection zone; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a Guangzhou cultural relics protection unit.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-ear house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray plastic boasts ancient ridge picture/Li Bo
It is said that in addition to Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Town, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, Guangfu, GuangIt is difficult to find traces of saddle-type fire walls in the Eastern Province.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Academy are both handed by Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the court selected skilled craftsmen from all over the country. Only after the assessment was completed were completed, the craftsmen from Sanshan Village were selected to participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen from Sanshan Village were selected to participate.” Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen also produced in the history of Sanshan Village, the most representative figures of Komiks were Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng was the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi was the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Gray Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around Panyu were written by the two of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was once an ancient building construction technician. He worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – the grandchild of Lao Cuixi.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists. Many murals in the Nanfanshun Babaylan area are from their hands.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple complex of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandpa and brother.”
When talking about another Lingnan gray sculpture master from Sanshan Village, Babaylan, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture work of Chen Jiaci was made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture work “Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. Its style is like the landscape of the southern country, with a refreshing cultural texture.
It is understood that as the Chen Family Ancestral Hall of the Chen Family Family in the 72 counties in the province, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers from all over the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top craftsmen that Chen Jia, the fine ancient building masterpiece that has won the great achievements of Lingnan’s architectural art throughout the ages.”>Komiks Temple.
Villages restore Luban Temple and later generations praise craftsmen
Luban has been respected by craftsmen since ancient times as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen”. The Luban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the ancient temple group of Aoshan in the village. The five ancient temples are connected by the ancient temple group. The most distinctive of them is the ancient temple of the ancestor, which worships Luban. This temple is currently the only folk temple dedicated to “Luban” found in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temples is the ancient temple of the ancestors, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the ancestors is located in the northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard mountain tops, with a herringbone sealed volcanic gable wall, gray plastic boasts ancient ridge, gray tube tiles, and blue brick walls. As soon as the entrance is a pavilion, it is decorated with many murals, with rich mural content, including figures, landscapes, href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>BabaylanFlowers and birds, etc., have superb painting skills. The granite stone door frame of the mountain gate, the stone forehead is carved with the “Eight Immortals in the Drunkenness” mural.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuilt this ancient temple, and the Lu Ban statues were all remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the renovation, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the ground. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them, which made these exquisite murals see the light of day again. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back hall were “The great craftsman and the high doors were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established and the ancient and modern”; the couplets at the front hall were “The rules were determined by the square and round Yi Shike followed this method, and the ink rope was divided into curves and straight crafts and used their materials well.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of the craftsman spirit.
Komiks Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban’s birthday). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “It has a special kind of experience with this Luban Temple.Love, I will come back every year when my master gives birth to me. ”
Development: Selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
San Village Chairman Li Zhipei said that in the past, 70% of men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, and now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, ancient buildings were focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. “Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works were used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. They can learn it as soon as I am free. ”
Grey plastic famous craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
Building craftsman has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship, and has never entered the school to become a discipline. However, Sanshan Village offers courses such as gray plastic in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular among children.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray plastic work called “Eight Immortals Pictures”. “This work was originally for href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema was preparing for the Babaylan to attend the Luban Festival exhibition in the village this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get it and missed it. It’s good to miss it, you can calm down and polish it slowly. ”
Li Cinema while chatting with reporters, Guangyong held a handful of multi-headed wood cone and pressed it on the gray plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay. “This year it is not time to display it, so I will wait for the display next year. ”
In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristicsList of towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the village’s annual festival – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban Cultural Square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit artisan works from all over the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of Lingnan ancient architecture craftsmen.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Komiks said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now, Komiks is mostly engaged in this industry over 50 years old, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education, and the narrow teaching of master and apprentice Cinema has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance.”
How to solve the problem of craftsmen’s inheritance? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects.”
”As craftsmen grow old, ancient building construction technology also grows. For example, there are no more good players in the market to build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional craft for restoring ancient buildings. The bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks.” Ancient building repair expert Ouyang Lun told reporters. An ancient architecture expert told reporters: “Now that government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the nature of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmen.” The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technologies and striving for excellence. Craftsman talents are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. Attention to craftsmen reflects respect for traditional values. Only craftsmen have successors, these precious ancient building construction techniques and attached to themOnly when the spiritual qualities are preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern editor｜He Haoxian