Lingnan’s “Grey Batch Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
Komiks In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals, etc. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by relying on good skills.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient place: There are three good people in the waterway wherever they reach.BabaylanCraftsmen
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient building craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while males took boats to work in mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65 years old this year, is from Zini Village, Shawan, and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also comes from a family of craftsmen and deals with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and Komiks wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House. Speaking of the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager who is engaged in the restoration of murals, told reporters: “My father Cinema is also a muralist. He has been engaged in the painting and restoration of murals for more than 40 years and has traveled throughout the Pearl River Delta region, and has been rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray sculpture work. Photo/LiBo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where passenger ships arrive, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
It is understood that the places where craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guang’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, craftsmen leave home and return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, craftsmen may not come back, but Babaylan‘s “Master’s Day” (the 13th day of the sixth lunar calendar every year)Cinema that day, they would definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and pay homage to the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
BuildingCinemaBuilding: The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple group is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a clean building and a magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by the green Aoshan, and in front of the temple is a square and a Fengshui pond. The ancient temple group is arranged from north to south, namely Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called the “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple located in Sanshan VillageCinema Group Photo/Li Bo
Ancient architecture experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District. The architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a Guangzhou internal control historical and cultural protection zone; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Building” and announced as a Guangzhou cultural relics protection unit.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use Cinema‘s wok-ear house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray-shaped volcanic ridge picture/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Town, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, it is difficult to find traces of saddle-style volcanic walls in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Academy are both handed by Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the court selected skilled craftsmen from all over the country. After the assessment, they could only participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.” Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also produced the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng is the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi is the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of Chen Family Ancestral Ancestral Ancestral Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around Panyu are from the hands of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was once an ancient building construction technician and worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – Lao Cuixi’s grandchildren.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and Babaylangrandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in temples and ancestral halls in Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple group of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandpa and brother.”
Babaylan When talking about another Lingnan gray sculpture master from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture works of Chen Jiaci were made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture works “The Three Heroes of Fengchen””It is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. The style is like Babaylan and the landscape of the southern country, with a refreshing cultural quality.
It is understood that as the Chen family ancestral hall of the 72 counties in the province – the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers in the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top skilled craftsmen that the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, which is the masterpiece of ancient buildings, which is the perfect architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Villagers restore Luban Temple Later generations praise craftsmen
Lu Ban has been respected by craftsmen since ancient times as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen”. The Lu Ban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the ancient temple group of Aoshan in the village. The five ancient temples are connected by the ancient temple group. The most distinctive of them is the ancient temple of the ancestor, which is dedicated to Lu Ban. This temple is currently the only folk-industry temple dedicated to “Lu Ban” in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temple groups is the ancient temple of the ancestors, namely the Luban TempleBabaylan. The temple was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has undergone several renovations. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the ancestors is located northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard mountain tops, with a volcanic gable wall with herringbone sealed volcanic ridges, gray tiles, and blue brick walls. The temple is decorated with a bowing pavilion, with many murals, rich murals, and rich landscapes, flowers and birds, and superb painting skills. The mountain gate has granite stone door frame, the stone forehead is carved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall lintel is decorated with the “Eight Immortals in Drunk”.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuilt this ancient temple, and the Lu Ban statues are all remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the renovation, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the ground. At that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them, which made these exquisite murals see the light of day again. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw Komiks has two pairs of couplets, and the couplets at the gate of the back hall are “MasterBabaylanThe high gate is inclusive; the rules and regulations are established (should be “Huai”) to know the present”; the couplets of the front hall gate are “The rules determine the square and round Yi Shike follows this method, and the ink rope is divided into curves and straight crafts and good use of the materials.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship. Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of the Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban Festival) every year. If you cannot come back, the craftsmen of Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year. ”
Development: Selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, said that in the past, 70% of men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, but now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, the construction of ancient buildings focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. “Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works have been used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. They can learn it as soon as I free myself. ”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
The construction technology has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship, and has never entered the school to become a discipline. However, Sanshan Village offers gray plastic courses in primary schools and kindergartens, and has been taught by children. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>CinemaWelcome.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-sculpted work called “Eight Immortals Pictures”. “This work was originally intended to be consideredI prepared for the Luban Festival exhibition in the village this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get there and missed it. It’s good to miss it, you can calm down and polish it slowly. ”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for the display next year. ”
In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the annual festival in the village – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban cultural square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic small number of ancient buildings in Lingnan. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks Town.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry, and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance. ”
How to solve the problem of inheritance of craftsmen? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With a status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects. ”
”As the craftsmen grow old, the technology of ancient building construction has also grown old. For example, there are no few good people in the market who can build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional technique for restoring ancient buildings. Bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks. “Ouyang Lun, an ancient building renovation expert, told reporters.
A ancient building expert told reporters Komiks: “Now the government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, and the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmanship. ”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technology and striving for excellence. Cinema talent is the basic guarantee for the original appearance of the original ancient building. It attaches importance to craftsmen, which reflects respect for traditional values. Only craftsmen have successors, these precious ancient building construction techniques and attached to them.Only when the spiritual qualities are preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern editor｜He Haoxian