Lingnan’s “Grey Chronicles Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, there is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70% or 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving many types of ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals, etc. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by relying on good skills.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
Cinema There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches.
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodness” of Sanshan Village refers to “happiness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of our ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient architectural craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while men took boats to work on mud and water along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65, is from Zinni Village in Shawan, and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as one village.”
Huang Qunqing also came from a family of craftsmen and dealt with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient building construction and decoration, civil engineering, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House. Speaking of the craftsmen’s wandering life, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for 40 years. He has traveled all over the Pearl River Delta region, and has been rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray sculpture work Photo/Li Bo
Li Guangyong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zi Ni River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where the passenger ship arrives, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
It is understood that the craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to include Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, the craftsmen leave home to return to the construction site. During the mid-year festival, the craftsmen who go out may not come back, but on the day of “Master’s Day” (the 13th of the sixth lunar month every year), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, and say hello to each otherCinema, visiting the “ancestor” Lu Ban.
Architect: The ancient temple group of Aoshan uses a saddle-type fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the ancient temple group of Aoshan with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple group is located in Fuchun Road, Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a sturdy and magnificent appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by Aoshan, with a square and a square in front of the temple. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>BabaylanThe ancient temple group is lined from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple, Xianshi Ancient Temple, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple, and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called “Ancient Temple Group”.
The Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo Ancient Architecture Experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District, and the architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as the internal control historical and cultural protection area of Guangzhou; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Architecture” and announced as the Guangzhou Cultural Relics Protection Unit.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-eared fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-type fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herry-shaped volcanic gable wall, gray-shaped volcanic ridge picture/Li Bo
It is said that except for Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Pan Clan Ancestral Hall in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Village, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng District, Guangdong Province, it is difficult to find a saddle-style volcanic wall in Komiks href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks trace.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Academy are both handed by Sanshan craftsmen
Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “The construction of the Summer Palace in the Qing Dynasty, the court went to various places to select skilled craftsmen, and only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.” Li Zhipei, chairman of Sanshan Village, introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also appeared in the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng is the “top scholar of the gray batch” in Lingnan, Lao Cuixi is the “master of murals”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Ancestral Sculptures and Lingnan buildings around Panyu are from the hands of the two of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Lao Yaochun, an 81-year-old villager in Sanshan, was an ancient building construction technician and worked as a deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has an identity Cinema——the grandchild of Lao Cuixi.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in the Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple complex of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandpa and brother.”
When talking about another Lingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture work of Chen Jiaci is made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman and the worker.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture work “The Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is produced by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.””It is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. Its style is like the landscape of the southern country, and its cultural quality is refreshing.
It is understood that as the Chen family ancestral hall of the 72 counties in the province – the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers in the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “Grey Batch Top Scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top skilled craftsmen that the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, which is the masterpiece of ancient buildings, which is the masterpiece of the architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Village repairs the Luban Temple Couplets by later generations
Lu Ban has been respected by craftsmen since ancient times as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen”. The Lu Ban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the Aoshan ancient temple group in the village. The five ancient temples are connected by the ancient temple group. The most distinctive of them is the ancient temple of the ancestor, which worships Lu Ban. This temple is currently the only folk temple dedicated to “Lu Ban” found in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Lu Ban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temples is the ancient temple of the Master, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, covering an area of 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard mountain tops, with a volcanic gable wall with a herringbone seal, a gray ridge, a gray tile, and a blue brick wall. The first entrance is a pavilion pavilion, decorated with a number of murals, rich murals, including Babaylan characters, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., with superb painting skills. The mountain gate has granite stone door frame, the stone forehead is carved with “The Ancient Temple of the Master” and the wall lintel is decorated with the “Eight Immortals in the Drunkenness” mural.
”CinemaIn 1993, I took the villagers to rebuilt the ancient temple, and the Lu Ban statues were all remade based on old photos. “Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the renovation, some parts were collapsed and dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the street bricks on the ground. BabaylanAt that time, many murals were painted with white ash, and the workers carefully cleaned them up to make these exquisite murals heavySeeing the light of day. ”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets. The couplets at the back hall were “The great craftsman and the high door were all inclusive; the rules and regulations were established to guide Huai (the word “Huai”) to know the present”; the couplets at the front hall were “The rules determine the square and round Yi Shike followed this method, and the ink rope was divided into curves and straight and used the materials well.”
Komiks Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban’s birthday). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year with my master’s birthday. ”
Development: Entering CinemaBabaylanSelect the second batch of national characteristic towns
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei said that in the past, 70% of the men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, and now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, the construction of ancient buildings focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 blue bricks and 3 step bricks a day. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen dealing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. Komiks” said Li Zhipei.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He has been studying art with his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works have been used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic workbench at home. My grandchildren like it very much. I can learn it as soon as I free myself. ”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
The architectural craftsman has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship, and has never entered the school to become a discipline. However, Sanshan Village offers gray plastic courses in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular among children.
InIn a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray-plastic work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Luban Festival exhibition this year, but unfortunately I didn’t get it. I missed it. It’s better to miss it. You can calm down and polish it slowly.”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray-plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay material. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for next year.” In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the village’s annual festival – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban Cultural Square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of craftsmen in Lingnan ancient architecture.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen. Now most of them are over 50 years old in this industry. Babaylan‘s successor Cinema is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance.”
How to solve the problem of craftsmen’s inheritance? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship, like modern architectural decoration, must have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects.”
”As craftsmen grow old, ancient building construction technology also grows old. For example, there are no more good players in the market to build bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional craft for restoring ancient buildings. The bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks.” Ancient building repair expert Ouyang Lun told reporters.
A ancient architecture expert told reporters: “Now that government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmen.”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technologies and striving for excellence. Craftsman talents are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. Attention to craftsmen reflects respect for traditional values. Only craftsmen have successors, these precious ancient building construction techniques and attached to themOnly when the spiritual qualities are preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern editor｜He Haoxian